Mobile technology has caused a revolution within the field of communication. With mobile phones, we are able to visit anyone on the earth from nearly anywhere. Besides this, mobile phones store contact information, keep track of appointments, and set reminders, act as calculators, send and receive text messages, picture messages, and e-mails, one may surf the web, play games, listen to music and watch TV, capture photographs, make videos, and even connect with other devices.

A cellular network is a two-way radio system between the mobile unit and also the wireless network. The radio system incorporates a network of transmitters, each serving a little area referred to as a cell. Each cell incorporates a base station that consists of a tower and a little building containing the radio equipment. Each cell uses a special set of frequencies from neighboring cells, to avoid interference and supply guaranteed bandwidth within each cell. When joined together, these cells provide radio coverage over a good geographical region. this allows an outsized number of portable transceivers to speak with one another and with fixed transceivers and telephones anywhere within the network, via base stations.

The brain of a cellular phone is the circuit card. It tells the various parts of the phone how and when to perform tasks. Some parts on the circuit card help to convert and transmit sound, while other parts tell the phone when to turn on and what to display on the screen. other parts of the cellular phone are often divided into communication components and electronic components. The communication components include the microphone, speaker, and antenna. The electronic components are the battery, monitor, keypad, and memory chip.

The memory card can either be installed as a chip on the motherboard or it can be a separate card inserted in a slot provided that can also be removed. The memory chip stores information for the phone’s operating system and things that can be customized, like the contact list directory, photos, videos, etc.

Sound enters through the microphone. The analog-to-digital converter converts the sound into a digital signal (binary form). This digital signal is shipped to the RF module, where it’s converted into a frequency signal, which is then broadcast from the phone’s antenna to the cellular network. To receive sound, the frequency signal is picked up by the phone’s antenna and so routed through the receiver of the RF module, where it’s converted into digital data. The analog-to-digital converter then converts the digital signal into digital data. The analog-to-digital converter then converts the digital signal into analog voice data, which then gets transmitted to the speaker of the phone.

The “G” in wireless networks refers to the “generation” of the underlying mobile telecommunications technology. 1G, the primary analog cellular system, started within the early 1980s and was designed purely for voice calls. 2G, the primary digital cellular system was launched within the early 1990s and it offered improved sound quality, better security, and better total capacity. 3G, introduced in 1998, provided “always-on” Internet access and rich multimedia exchange between both phones and web providers. 4G, introduces in 2008, provides amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, 3D television, cloud computing.

GSM-Global System for Mobile Communication- is that the most generally used 2G cellular technology worldwide. With GSM, all subscriber and wireless provider information is stored on interchangeable modules referred to as SIM (Subscriber Identification Module) cards. By swapping out the SIM card, users can painlessly switch phones or providers. GSM is most suited to international roaming. CDMA-Code Division Multiple Access is a cellular technology, within which subscriber information is programmed directly into the phone instead of on a SIM card.